{"meta":{"generatedAt":"2026-09-25T18:27:24.946Z","license":"CC BY 4.0 for the record; each event cites its own source","note":"Events are documented occurrences with a named source. Assessments are reviewer judgements, dated and attributed. They are kept separate."},"agreement":{"slug":"pretoria-2022","name":"Agreement for Lasting Peace through a Permanent Cessation of Hostilities (Pretoria Agreement)","signedOn":"2022-11-02","sourceUrl":"https://au.int/en/documents/20221102/agreement-lasting-peace-through-permanent-cessation-hostilities","documentedEvents":19},"latestAssessments":[{"code":"cessation","name":"Permanent cessation of hostilities","article":"Art. 3","status":"not_assessed","percent":null,"asOf":null,"note":null,"reviewer":null,"sourceUrl":null,"eventCount":7,"progressEvents":2,"setbackEvents":5,"latestEventOn":"2026-09-24","latestEventDirection":"setback"},{"code":"humanitarian-access","name":"Unhindered humanitarian access","article":"Art. 5","status":"not_assessed","percent":null,"asOf":null,"note":null,"reviewer":null,"sourceUrl":null,"eventCount":3,"progressEvents":3,"setbackEvents":0,"latestEventOn":"2022-11-15","latestEventDirection":"progress"},{"code":"civilian-protection","name":"Protection of 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Union","sourceUrl":"https://au.int/en/documents/20221102/agreement-lasting-peace-through-permanent-cessation-hostilities","sourceNote":"Agreement text published by the African Union.","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2022-11-03-effective","occurredOn":"2022-11-03","datePrecision":"day","title":"Agreement takes effect","detail":"The cessation of hostilities came into force the day after signing, on the second anniversary of the start of the war.","obligations":["cessation"],"direction":"progress","sourcePublisher":"Addis Standard","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing Addis Standard).","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2022-11-07-nairobi-talks","occurredOn":"2022-11-07","datePrecision":"day","title":"Military commanders meet in Nairobi on humanitarian access and disarmament","detail":"Senior commanders of the ENDF and Tigrayan forces met in Nairobi to work out modalities for humanitarian access and disarmament.","obligations":["disarmament","humanitarian-access"],"direction":"progress","sourcePublisher":"Reuters","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing Reuters).","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2022-11-12-nairobi-declaration","occurredOn":"2022-11-12","datePrecision":"day","title":"Nairobi Declaration signed","detail":"The parties agreed to lift restrictions on aid, to begin disarmament of heavy weapons concurrently with the withdrawal of foreign and non-ENDF forces, and set 15 November as the start of Tigrayan disarmament.","obligations":["disarmament","foreign-forces","humanitarian-access"],"direction":"progress","sourcePublisher":"African Union","sourceUrl":"https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20221112/declaration-senior-commanders-modalities-implementation-agreement-lasting-peace","sourceNote":"Declaration published by the African Union.","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2022-11-15-icrc-mekelle","occurredOn":"2022-11-15","datePrecision":"day","title":"ICRC delivers medical supplies to Mekelle","detail":"The International Committee of the Red Cross delivered medical supplies to Mekelle for the first time since August 2022.","obligations":["humanitarian-access"],"direction":"progress","sourcePublisher":"ICRC","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing ICRC and BBC).","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2022-11-23-flights-announced","occurredOn":"2022-11-23","datePrecision":"day","title":"Ethiopian Airlines announces resumption of flights to Tigray","detail":"The airline said scheduled flights to the region would resume, a first step in restoring services.","obligations":["services"],"direction":"progress","sourcePublisher":"Ethiopian Airlines","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing Ethiopian Airlines).","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2022-12-29-eritrean-withdrawal-shire-axum","occurredOn":"2022-12-29","datePrecision":"day","title":"Eritrean forces begin withdrawing from Shire and Axum","detail":"Eritrean Defence Forces were reported leaving Shire and Axum, while remaining present in other parts of Tigray.","obligations":["foreign-forces"],"direction":"progress","sourcePublisher":"Voice of America","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing VOA).","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2023-01-10-heavy-weapons-handover","occurredOn":"2023-01-10","datePrecision":"day","title":"Tigrayan forces begin handing over heavy weapons","detail":"Tigrayan forces started transferring heavy weaponry to the ENDF under the Nairobi modalities.","obligations":["disarmament"],"direction":"progress","sourcePublisher":"Addis Standard","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing Addis Standard).","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2023-03-22-tplf-delisted","occurredOn":"2023-03-22","datePrecision":"day","title":"Parliament removes the TPLF from the terrorist designation list","detail":"Ethiopia's House of Peoples' Representatives lifted the 2021 terrorist designation of the TPLF, a step foreseen by the agreement.","obligations":["political-dialogue"],"direction":"progress","sourcePublisher":"Reuters","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing Reuters).","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2023-03-23-interim-administration","occurredOn":"2023-03-23","datePrecision":"day","title":"Interim Regional Administration established under Getachew Reda","detail":"The Prime Minister appointed Getachew Reda to lead the Tigray Interim Regional Administration set up under the agreement.","obligations":["political-dialogue","services"],"direction":"progress","sourcePublisher":"Addis Standard","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing Addis Standard).","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2024-08-12-neb-rejects-tplf","occurredOn":"2024-08-12","datePrecision":"day","title":"Electoral board rejects TPLF bid to restore its pre-war legal status","detail":"The National Election Board declined to reinstate the TPLF's previous registration; the party's chairman said the decision violated the peace deal.","obligations":["political-dialogue"],"direction":"setback","sourcePublisher":"Addis Standard","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing Addis Standard).","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2024-08-13-tplf-congress-split","occurredOn":"2024-08-13","datePrecision":"day","title":"TPLF congress in Mekelle deepens split between party and interim administration","detail":"The TPLF held its 14th congress; the deputy chairman and 14 central committee members boycotted it, opening a rift between the party leadership and the interim administration.","obligations":["political-dialogue"],"direction":"setback","sourcePublisher":"Addis Standard","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing Addis Standard).","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2024-11-10-coup-accusation","occurredOn":"2024-11-10","datePrecision":"day","title":"Interim president accuses party faction of plotting to unseat the administration","detail":"Getachew Reda accused the faction led by Debretsion Gebremichael of plotting an \"official coup\" against the interim administration.","obligations":["political-dialogue"],"direction":"setback","sourcePublisher":"Addis Standard","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing Addis Standard).","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2025-03-faction-takeover-mekelle","occurredOn":"2025-03-15","datePrecision":"month","title":"Debretsion-led faction takes control of offices in Mekelle; interim president leaves for Addis Ababa","detail":"Armed groups aligned with the party faction took over administrative offices in Mekelle and other towns; Getachew Reda left the region.","obligations":["political-dialogue","cessation"],"direction":"setback","sourcePublisher":"The Guardian","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing The Guardian). Month precision.","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2025-03-tadesse-werede","occurredOn":"2025-03-25","datePrecision":"month","title":"Tadesse Werede nominated as interim president","detail":"The TPLF nominated the commander of the Tigray forces, Tadesse Werede, to head the interim administration; the federal government later appointed him.","obligations":["political-dialogue"],"direction":"neutral","sourcePublisher":"The Guardian","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing The Guardian). Month precision.","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2025-11-05-afar-megale","occurredOn":"2025-11-05","datePrecision":"day","title":"Afar regional government accuses Tigrayan elements of attacking pastoralists in Megale","detail":"The Afar regional government said armed elements crossed the regional border and attacked pastoralists in Megale woreda.","obligations":["cessation"],"direction":"setback","sourcePublisher":"Afar Regional Government","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing the Afar regional government statement).","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2026-01-29-tselemti-clashes","occurredOn":"2026-01-29","datePrecision":"day","title":"Clashes in Tselemti; Ethiopian Airlines suspends Tigray flights","detail":"Fighting broke out in the contested Tselemti woreda between Tigrayan and federal or Amhara forces, and the airline suspended flights to the region.","obligations":["cessation","political-dialogue","services"],"direction":"setback","sourcePublisher":"Multiple outlets","sourceUrl":null,"sourceNote":"As recorded in the public implementation record (Wikipedia, citing multiple outlets).","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2026-09-23-defensive-combat","occurredOn":"2026-09-23","datePrecision":"day","title":"Tigray authorities order forces into \"defensive combat\"; fighting reported","detail":"Tigray authorities said their armed forces were ordered into defensive combat as fighting with federal forces was reported in several areas.","obligations":["cessation"],"direction":"setback","sourcePublisher":"Addis Standard","sourceUrl":"https://addisstandard.com/tigray-military-commander-says-army-in-good-posture-warns-military-solution-to-tensions-will-not-succeed/","sourceNote":"Addis Standard news alert of 23 September 2026; see incident TIG-2026-000143.","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"},{"ref":"2026-09-24-agreement-no-longer-valid","occurredOn":"2026-09-24","datePrecision":"day","title":"TPLF spokesperson says the agreement is \"no longer valid\"; AU urges de-escalation","detail":"As fighting spread to Afar and Amhara, a TPLF spokesperson said the Pretoria agreement was no longer valid; the African Union called for de-escalation and Tigrayan authorities accused the AU of failing the agreement.","obligations":["cessation","monitoring"],"direction":"setback","sourcePublisher":"Associated Press; Addis Standard","sourceUrl":"https://addisstandard.com/tigrayan-authorities-accuse-au-of-failing-pretoria-after-the-bloc-urges-de-escalation/","sourceNote":"AP report of 24 September 2026 as recorded in the public implementation record; Addis Standard report on the AU statement.","enteredBy":"editorial-desk"}]}